ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Egyptian Propolis Extract as an Adjuvant with Irradiated Cancer Vaccine against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice
PROPOLIS is a non-toxic natural substance with multiple pharmacological properties including anti-cancer and antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Egyptian propolis extract (Prop) as an adjuvant co-injected with irradiated tumour cell lysate vaccine (Irr-V) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Animals were divided into five equal groups (n=10). Control group. EAC group; injected with viable EAC (2x105/mouse) in the right thigh. EAC-Prop group; injected subcutaneously (Sc) with Prop (0.4mg/ mouse) weekly for three times, then after 2 weeks mice were received EAC viable cells (the day of challenge). Irr-V group; vaccinated with irradiated EAC cell lysate weekly for three times at a dose of 0.2μl in the right thigh. Prop-Irr-V group; vaccinated as Irr-V group, and treated with Prop as EAC-Prop group. Two weeks post the last treatment; animals of groups 4 and 5 were challenged with normal viable EAC (2x105/mouse) in the opposite thigh. Results: The results revealed a decrease in red blood cells (RBC) count, haematocrite value (Hct) and haemoglobin content (Hb) and an increase in total leucocytes, absolute lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in EAC-bearing mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress identified by a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity associated with an increase in the content of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded in the liver and blood tissues of EAC-bearing mice. Propolis, Irr-V as well as Irr-V-Prop treatment improved haematological toxicities and oxidative stress in EAC-bearing mice. However, improvement was more pronounced in Irr-V-Prop group and the cell viability assay, the tetrazolium dye;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-iphenyltetrazolium (MTT) showed a significant decrease in viable cells compared to each treatment alone. It could be concluded that Prop extract might be used as an adjuvant for irradiated cancer vaccines in cancer therapy.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1505_2b17486c1afac5ee933ac01dfbb49966.pdf
2014-12-31
1
15
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1505
Egyptian propolis
cancer vaccine
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
Mice
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Fractionated Doses of Cerastes Cerastes Crude Venom on Tissues of Irradiated Mice
THIS WORK aims to study the effect of fractionated doses of Cerastes cerastes (C. cerastes) crude venom (CCV) on physiological alterations in different tissues of 5.5 Gy γ-irradiated mice. Male mice were grouped into: Control group. CCV group; mice received via inter peritoneum (i.p.) ⅓LD50 CCV in fractionated doses over a period of 2 weeks. Irradiated group; mice whole body exposed to 5.5 Gy γ-rays. Irradiated+ CCV; mice received via i.p ⅓LD50 CCV in fractionated doses over a period of 2 weeks starting 1 h post irradiation. Exposure to 5.5 Gy γ-rays elevated advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) content of liver, spleen and kidney. Moreover, γ-irradiation significantly decreased calcium (Ca) and elevated zinc (Zn), and cupper (Cu) in liver, spleen and kidney tissues compared to the control, whereas, iron (Fe) was significantly elevated in liver and spleen and decreased in kidney. In addition, serum urea and creatinine and their ratio were significantly increased. Irradiated mice treated with fractionated CCV showed significant amelioration of oxidative stress and element alterations in the different tissues. It could be concluded that the fractionated doses of CCV (⅓LD50) might have favourable potential against irradiation induced-biochemical injuries.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1506_695ffdc91931bfac33d3b3b46d65c352.pdf
2014-12-31
17
29
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1506
Cerastes crude venom
Oxidative Stress
trace elements
γ-rays
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Radio-adaptive Response: An Implication for the Biological Consequences of Low Dose-rate Exposure to X-Ray
RADIATION induced adaptive response is described as the reduced damaging effect of a challenging radiation dose when induced by a previous low priming dose. To verify the radio-adaptive response that can be induced by occupationally (in vivo) received chronic low dose of X-ray, chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis, micronucleus test (MN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were investigated for both the occupationally exposed and control groups before and after exposure to 2 Gy γ-rays as a challenge dose.
The results showed that an elevated frequency of CA, MN and nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) was recorded in radiation workers (exposed group) compared to control group. However, after 2Gy
in vitro irradiation of lymphocytes of exposed and control groups, the exposed group was found to be lower than that of control group.
On the other hand, IL-1β and NO concentrations in plasma were elevated in exposed group more than in control group. While, after 2Gy irradiation for both groups, there are higher increment in the concentrations of IL-1β and NO in exposed group than the increment difference observed for control group after
in vitro irradiation as compared to the same group before irradiation.
The present results suggested the existence of an
in vivo cytogenetic adaptive response in individuals occupationally exposed to low dose of X-ray. In addition, the results showed that NO radicals and IL-1β have a role in the induction of radio-resistance due to in vivo exposure that may intermediate this radiation.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1507_59003fe654cd601889ae6dcfbb933282.pdf
2014-12-31
31
49
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1507
Adaptive response
occupation exposure
X-ray
chromosome aberration
IL-1β
Nitric oxide
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Some Allergic Mediators in Elderly Individuals
AGING is a physiological process characterized by decreasing adaptation of the individual and accentuation of certain mechanisms e.g. arteriosclerotic plaque formation, oxidative stress and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate immunosenescence on some allergic mediators in healthy individuals.
Twenty-four male volunteers arranged into three groups according to their age were participated in this study. After their permission, personal and family history, full clinical examination and several laboratory confirmatory tests were determined to assure their healthy condition. Forty-eight h later another blood specimen was withdrawn where, complete blood picture, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL4), interleukin-5 (IL5) and γ-interferon (γ-INF) were estimated.
Regarding the allergic mediators estimated in the present study, the third geriatric group had relative eosinophilia, positive correlation between IgE and γ-INF and high significant decrease in IgE and IL5. These results led to the conclusion that the immunosenescence in this group of individuals did not lead to any allergic related conditions and the impairment of functions associated with aged immune response most probably had no role on the prevalence of allergic disease in elderly individuals.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1508_7785b566f074992b25cc9edd4cd9239c.pdf
2014-12-31
51
61
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1508
allergy
blood picture
Eosinophils
Cytokines
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sorption of Some Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Polypropylene Fibers Grafted with Acrylic Acid under the Effect of Gamma Irradiation
POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS (PP) grafted with poly acrylic acid (PAAc) were prepared under the effect of gamma irradiation to be used as an adsorbent matrix for Co2+ and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The different factors which affect the grafting process such as grafting solution, inhibitor concentration, irradiation dose and the monomer concentration were investigated. The grafted PP fibers were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of grafting yield on the mechanical properties of grafted PP fibers was also studied. The different conditions which affect the adsorption capacity of grafted PP fibers towards the metal ions, such as solution pH and contact time were investigated. The adsorption isotherm was studied according to the Langmuir isotherm model. The effect of regeneration cycles on the adsorption capacity of grafted PP fibers was investigated.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1509_cd75f36cf06d24acfd823a32daa1ceee.pdf
2014-12-31
63
78
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1509
polypropylene
γ-rays
metal ions
Adsorption
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Use of Ionizing Irradiation to Prepare Adhesives Based on Rosin and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer
ADHESIVES based on rosin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) blend and polyethylene-wax (PE-wax) by using ionizing irradiation were prepared. Low density polyethylene-wax (LPDE-wax) was added to aromatic hydrocarbon rosin/ EVA blend in the molten state and the miscibility and adhesion properties of ternary blends as hot-melt adhesive were investigated. Factors affecting the preparation process such as concentration and mixing percentage of polyethylene wax on improving the mechanical, thermal and adhesion properties of the prepared adhesive were studied. Also, the prepared adhesive has been tested through a series of standard rules of measurements for instance; peel strength, surface hardness, tensile-strength, elongation at break, thermal melting and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the increase of PE-wax added to the rosin/ EVA blend resulted in an increase in peel strength. The possibility of applications of the prepared adhesive in the field of automotive as adhesives for rubber to steel and rubber to rubber materials was suggested and applied.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1510_7cef935d9be8676c17699e462d3a2c2b.pdf
2014-12-31
79
90
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1510
Adhesives
rosin
γ-rays
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surface Characteristics of Cotton/ Polyester Fabric Coated with Poly-urethane Elastomers Cured Thermally or by Using Gamma Irradiation
DIFFERENT POLYURETHANE (PU) elastomerics formulations were prepared by using 4, 4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate, polyol (castor oil; CO), chain extender (1,4-butanediol); CE and catalyst. The prepared PU formulations were applied as coating films up on the cotton/ polyester blend fabric surface. The specimens were cured to complete the reaction of the PU spell, either thermally (140°C) or by using γ-rays at different doses (30-150 kGy). The PU layer formed up on the fabric surface was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The effects of CE percent and the used curing system on the coated fabrics properties, such as mechanical properties, thermal stability, water absorbance, crease recovery and surface morphology were investigated. The results showed that the increasing of CE percent and the irradiation dose lead to improving the tensile strength; MPa and the thermal stability, while, the elongation at break (%), crease recovery and water absorbance were decreased.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1511_a616f354ba8d7046a49bdc5f2345473f.pdf
2014-12-31
91
105
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1511
Cotton/ polyester fabric
polyurethane
chain extender
water absorbance
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of Self Hardening-modelling Polyurethane for Wood Repairing and Cracks Injection
Self hardening composite as a modelling clay was prepared from polyurethane, two parts (A) and (B) where (A) contains polyol (polyether), vinyl acetate versatic ester copolymer (VAcVe) and magnesium silicate or wood powder and (B) contains toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a hardening agent. The two parts mixed thoroughly giving soft putty like feel, open working time 1-2 h and cures hard overnight (24 h full cure). Factors affecting working time and full cure were evaluated. Also, measurements of surface hardness, compressive strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption and effect of ionizing radiation were studied.
The suggestion for using the prepared polyurethane composite as clay dries as hard as a rock in the field of wood repair and cracks injection for building walls were recommended.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1512_cae837314504abf51a2885fb9d6feaa5.pdf
2014-12-31
107
117
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1512
polyurethane
modelling clay
Radiation
wood repair and cracks injection
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidative Properties of Irradiated Chitosan/Vitamin C Nanoparticles and their Use as Food Additive for Lipid Storage
CHITOSAN (CS) antioxidant activity improvement was achieved by decreasing their molecular-weight (MW) by γ-rays followed by incorporation with vitamin C (VC) to prepare chitosan/vitamin C (CSVC) complex in the range of nanoparticles. Transmittance Electron Microscopy (TEM) of CSVC complex showed mean diameters ranged from 23.2 to 82 nm.
The antioxidant activities of CSVC complexes were examined using scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and reducing power measurements. CSVC complexes have a synergistic effect on increasing the antioxidant properties rather than their individual effects. The effect of CSVC complexes on lipid peroxidation of meat during 21 days of refrigerated storage was investigated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay.
Treatment of meat with CSVC complex delayed lipid peroxiation about 75% after 7 days of storage as a result the decrease in TBARS values. The results demonstrate promising use of CSVC complex as antioxidants and food additive for lipid storage.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1513_518058ddf60e99f5fea301490775cf65.pdf
2014-12-31
119
133
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1513
Chitosan
Radiation
vitamin c
antioxidant
meat storage
Lipid
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Highly Mono-dispersed AgNPs within PVP Matrix via Gamma Irradiation
GAMMA-RADIATION synthesized silver/poly(vinyl pyrro-lidone) (Ag/PVP) nanocomposite films were prepared using PVP as a stabilizer. The prepared films were characterized by Ultra Violet/ Visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infera Red (FTIR). The UV/vis analysis showed the appearance of surface plasmon resonance peaks at 403-406 nm confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The TEM images confirmed the formation of a highly mono-disperse and narrow size distributed AgNPs and the particle size was increased by increasing Ag+ ion molar concentration. The XRD patterns exhibit four diffraction peaks revealed that the AgNPs are formed within PVP matrix and its crystal structure is face centre cubic (fcc) structure. The calculated values of crystalline particle size (D,nm) showed that both AgNO3 molar concentration and irradiation dose are determining factors in controlling the particle size of AgNPs. FTIR spectra illustrate that the formation Ag/ PVP nano-composites leads to change in peak position, peak shape and peak intensity of the characteristic peaks. The differences in the Ag/PVP nanocomposite spectrum compared to that of pure PVP indicated the formation of coordination bonding between nitrogen and AgNPs, as well as between oxygen and AgNPs.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1514_00de4874e687efb7f09c07bba7793d30.pdf
2014-12-31
135
150
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1514
AgNPs
PVP
UV/ VIS spectroscopy
TEM
XRD γ-rays
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ESR Dosimetric Properties of Sodium Glutamate
MONO SODIUM GLUTAMATE powder and rods (3x 10 mm) were studied to be a radiation sensitive material for ESR dosimetry. Samples were irradiated with 60Co γ- rays. The developed signal after irradiation increases with the increase of the mono sodium glutamate in the rods. The prepared powder can be used in the dose range from (10-90) kGy, whereas the rods are useful in the range from (10-120) kGy. The obtained number of free radicals per 100ev (G value) was found to be 0.201± 0.01. The g factor is 2.0113± 0.0001. The rods have the advantage of negligible humidity effects during irradiation. The pre and post irradiation stability was found to be satisfactory.
https://ejrsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_1515_caae2ca022462a758421b765165c1a4a.pdf
2014-12-31
151
164
10.21608/ejrsa.2014.1515
mono sodium glutamate
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Radiation Dosimetry