The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Kinetics of Hesperetin for Liver Fortification in γ-Irradiated Mice112148410.21608/ejrsa.2012.1484ENJournal Article20121004 <span style="font-size: small;">HESPERETIN (3`,5,7-trihydroxy-4`-methoxyflavonone), the aglycone of the flavanone glycosides hesperidin, exerts pharmacological properties such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, blood lipid and cholesterol lowering is effectively used as a supplemental agent in the treatment protocols of complementary settings. </span>
Four groups were prepared: Control group: received 0.5 ml normal saline for 7 days. Hesperetin group: Mice received 7 doses of hesperetin injections (100 mg/ kg body wt/ day). Irradiated group: Mice submitted to total body irradiation with 4 Gy γ-rays. Protected group (Hesperetin plus irradiation): Mice received hesperetin for 7 days and then submitted to 4 Gy of γ-rays. The mice were sacrificed at 24 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after the end of the experimental treatments.
Irradiated mice exhibited significant hyperglycaemia and augmented hepatic glycogen after the first day and 1 week but significant hypoglycemia and reducing hepatic glycogen after 2 weeks. Also, they exhibited significant increased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerols (TG) and decreased hepatic TC and TG after 1 & 2 weeks. This treatment also resulted in a significant dropped in hepatic glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities after 1 & 2 weeks.
Hesperetin injections modulated the serum glucose and hepatic glycogen, adjusted TC and TG in both serum and liver and ameliorated the lessening in hepatic GK, G6P and PEPCK.
The attending results demonstrated that hesperetn treatment modulated the biochemical symptoms of radiation disorders in mice.
In conclusion, administration of hesperetin may have a useful role in modulating oxidative stress induced by exposure to γ-radiation by improving the natural antioxidant mechanism and fortification liver functions.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Immunological Enhancement of Interferon Alpha Treatment to Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Irradiated Rats1327148510.21608/ejrsa.2012.1485ENJournal Article20121018 <span style="font-size: small;">THE INFLUENCE of the biological response modifiers: interferon alpha (IFN-α) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on stimulation of blood cell recovery and boosting the immunological response were investigated in this work. Male rats received BMT 3 h post total body γ-irradiation of 5 Gy and were injected with 10 units of IFN-α weekly for 5 weeks. </span>
Irradiation induced a significant decrease in blood parameters, reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as bone marrow lymphocyte count and viability. Immunological data revealed that tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) recorded a significant depression while lipid peroxidation (MDA) was conversely elevated. White blood cells (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), lymphocytes and GSH in irradiated animals receiving BMT and IFN-α, were significantly elevated, while MDA was significantly depressed as compared to the irradiated group. Bone marrow lymphocytic count and viability percentage were significantly increased while IL-2 and TNF-α were normalized.
The curative action of IFN-α enforcing significant innate response could trigger and augment adaptive immune response by bone marrow transplantation. Such therapies boosting both components of immunity would be considered a potential strategy for irradiation treatment.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Effects of Junk Foods on Brain Neurotransmitters (Dopamine and Serotonin) and some Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats2342148610.21608/ejrsa.2012.1486ENJournal Article20121018 <span style="font-size: small;">NUTRITIONAL HABITS have changed significantly and junk foods have become widely popular, in recent years. The present study aimed to shed the light on the effect of potato chips and / or ketchup consumption on some biochemical parameters. Sixty four male and female albino rats were used in the study. Animals were maintained on 0.25g potato chips/ rat and / or 0.125g ketchup / rat, 5days a week for 4weeks. </span>
Potato chips showed the lowest body wt gain in the male rats after 4weeks but, ketchup modulated this negative effect of the potato chips in the group of male animals fed on potato chips plus ketchup. Potato chips significantly decreased brain serotonin, liver glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in both sexes; brain dopamine, serum total proteins, albumin, total globulins, α<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">- & β</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span><span style="font-size: small;">-globulins in the females and serum thyroxine (T</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">) in the male rats. Ketchup apparently affected serum T</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">and A / G ratio in both sexes, brain dopamine and liver GSH in the males in addition to brain serotonin, serum total globulins and α</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span><span style="font-size: small;">-globulin in the female rats. </span>
Potato chips plus ketchup significantly changed T<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">, dopamine, GSH, CAT, α</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1 </span><span style="font-size: small;">and α</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">-globulins in both sexes; serotonin and β</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span><span style="font-size: small;">-globulin in the male rats, total proteins and albumin in the females. It could be concluded that potato chips consumption might induce numerous adverse effects in various body organs. </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Role of Betalains as Natural Antioxidant in Modulating Renal Disorders in γ-Irradiated Mice4353148710.21608/ejrsa.2012.1487ENJournal Article20121210 <span style="font-size: small;">BETALAINS are natural antioxidants extracted from red beet (</span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Beta vulgaris </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">L.), prevent lipid oxidation and improve antioxidant defence system in the animal tissue. </span>
This study investigates the protective role of betalains on γ-rays-induced renal disorders in mice. Thirty two mice were divided into four groups; the first (control group) received the vehicle only for 33 days (control), the second (betalains group) received betalains (80 mg/kg body weight/day) for 33 days, the third (irradiated group) received the vehicle for 30 days before exposed to 4 Gy γ-rays (one shot) and for 3 days after irradiation and the last (protected group) received betalains for 30 days before γ-irradiation and for 3 days after irradiation.
Gamma-rays-provoked oxidative stresses in renal tissue were indicated by significant increases of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), carbonyl content (PC) and total nitrate/ nitrite (NOx) as well as an increase of plasma renal tubular and glomerular markers; urea (Ur), creatinine (Cr) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). In dissimilarity, γ-rays-induced significant decreases of renal reduced glutathione (GSH) level as well as peripheral blood indices; total red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), platelets (Pt) and total white blood cells (WBC) and renal enzymatic antioxidants; super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione
<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">S</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">-transferase (GST). </span>
The results indicate that the administration of betalains protects against renal disorders in mice irradiated by γ-rays.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Protective Efficacy of Emodin against γ-Rays Induced Acute Hepatorenal Injury in Rats5566148810.21608/ejrsa.2012.1488ENJournal Article20121221 <span style="font-size: small;">EMODIN(C</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">16</span><span style="font-size: small;">H</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">12</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">5</span><span style="font-size: small;">), an active principle extracted from </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Rheum palmatum</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">. Its protective effect was evaluated against γ-rays-induced biochemical alterations in rats. </span>
The purpose of recent study is to demonstrate protective efficacy of emodin against γ-rays induced acute hepatorenal injury in rats.
γ-irradiation (6 Gy) caused significant elevation in the release of serum alanine and aspartate transaminases, (ALT & AST), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin (Br) and glucose (Gu) with concomitant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) after 24 h of its exposure.
Toxicant exposure intensified the lipid peroxidation (LPO, measured as MDA units), total cholesterol (TC) and activity of acid phosphatase (TAC) and altered glutathione status (GSH), activities of adenosine triphosphatase (ATP), alkaline phosphatase (TALP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as well as major cellular constituents; total proteins (TP) and glycogen (Gn) in liver and kidney, compared to control measures.
Emodin, oral treatment, significantly lessened the toxicity by protecting γ-rays-induced alterations in various blood and tissue biochemical variables, compared to irradiated groups.
Thus, the study concluded that emodin at a dose of 40 mg/ kg body wt possesses optimum hepatorenal protective ability in γ-irradiated toxicant rats.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Effects of Fungicides, Essential Oils and Gamma Irradiated Bioagents on Chickpea Root Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii6776148910.21608/ejrsa.2012.1489ENJournal Article20120910 <em><span style="font-size: small;">SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII (S. rolfsii) </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">causes root rot disease in several crops including </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Cicer arietinum </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(chickpea) that results in low yield. </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">In vitro </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">experiments on fungicides, vitavax and monceren T, and essential oils, clove and mint oils, were conducted to control root rot disease of chickpea caused by </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">S. rolfsii. </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The treatments resulted in 80 % suppression of root rot disease. </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Gliocladium virens (G</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">virens</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) and </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Gliocladium deliquescens </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">G. deliquescens</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) were effective as biocontrol agents against </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">S</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">rolfsii</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. The results showed that these treatments greatly reduced the root rot disease in chickpea. In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation at doses 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kGy on the pathogenecity of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">G</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">virens </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">G. deliquescens </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">against </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">S. rolfsii </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were investigated. The results revealed that gamma irradiation increased the pathogenecity of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">G. virens </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">G. deliquescens </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">against </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">S. rolfsii</span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-bacterial Activity of Ag-NPs7790149010.21608/ejrsa.2012.1490ENJournal Article20120923 <span style="font-size: small;">SYNTHESIS, characterization and comparison the anti bacterial activity of both silver/ polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/ PVA) nanocomposite and nisin, for some pathogenic bacteria was carried out. Applications of the nicin include dental care products, pharmaceutical products such as stomach ulcers and colon infection treatment and potential birth control. Ag/ PVA nanocomposite was prepared by in situ reduction method in which silver nitrate, gamma irradiation and PVA act as precursor, reductant and stabilizer respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites have potential antibacterial activity toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Further studies have demonstrated the structure and the distribution of Ag nanoparticles caped within PVA polymer chain such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out. </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Development of a Photo-Fenton Catalyst Fe3O4/ TiO2 Coated by Co polymer Synthesis by γ-rays91102149110.21608/ejrsa.2012.1491ENJournal Article20121212 <span style="font-size: small;">PHOTO-FENTON CATALYSTS Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">/TiO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">coated with a co-polymer (PVA/PAAc) to improve their capabilities of pollutant degradation has been investigated. Core-shell nanocomposites catalyst [(Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">/PAAc/ PVA)/TiO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">]/PAAc with average diameters of 50-60 nm was carried out by gamma irradiation. Aqueous solution (1% w/v) of 25 % PVA/ 75% PAAc was polymerized at low irradiation doses 1.66 kGy, then treated with Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2+ </span><span style="font-size: small;">/ Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3+ </span><span style="font-size: small;">salts. Ammonia solution was added to obtain a precipitation of 20 nm Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">/PVA/PAAc. The Photo-Fenton catalysts comprising Fe</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">nanoparticles as a core and (PVA/PAAc) as a shell and TiO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">introduced, which later develop into a uniform polymer layer of PAAc. The polymer resembles a stabilizer for particles in nanosize without aggregation. The degradation of the Remazol Red dye (RR) dissolved in aqueous solutions was investigated using modified reactor contain ultra violet visible (UV-VIS) sources under the influence of 300 Gauss alternative magnetic field (M.F). </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030325120121231Dosimeter Film Based on Ethyl Violet-Bromophenol Blue Dyed Poly (vinyl alcohol)103113149210.21608/ejrsa.2012.1492ENJournal Article20140610 <span style="font-size: small;">DYED POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) (PVA) films, prepared by a simple technique of casting aqueous solutions of PVA containing a mixture of ethyl violet and bromophenol blue (EV-BPB) on a horizontal glass plate, are useful as routine high-dose dosimeter in the 1-30 kGy range. The colour of films changes from violet to yellow when exposed to gamma radiation. The response of this dosimeter depends up on the concentration of chloral hydrate (CH) in the polymer material. The radiation chemical yield (G-value) of PVA dyed film was calculated and found to increase by increasing concentration of chloral hydrate. Post-irradiation storage on the response of the films are discussed. </span>
The overall combined uncertainty (at 2σ) associated with measurement of response (ΔA mm
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">-1</span><span style="font-size: small;">) at 600 nm for dose range 1-15 kGy is 5.6 %. </span>