The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Gastro Hepatic Protective Effects of Sildenafil in γ-Irradiated Rats112149310.21608/ejrsa.2013.1493ENJournal Article20130303 <span style="font-size: small;">SILDENAFIL is a potent specific inhibitor of phosphodiestrase-5 (PDE-5), which ultimately increases intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Sildenafil commercially named Viagra; was studied for its gastro hepatic protective activity through acute exposure of rats to γ-rays. </span><br /> The experimental groups of rats were: Sildenafil [1 mg/ kg, intra venous (i.v.), in 0.2 ml saline] / day for 5 days and then exposed to 6 Gy γ-rays after 1 h of the last injection (sildenafil+ γ-rays group). Controls received saline as a vehicle/ for 5 day; sildenafil group received drug alone for 5 days, and γ-rays group received saline (without drug) for 5 days and exposed to 6 Gy γ-rays after 1 h of the last injection. All groups were decapitated on the 6<br /> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">th </span><span style="font-size: small;">day. </span><br /> Gamma rays increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) but, lowered the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as lowering the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in both stomach and hepatic tissues.<br /> Sildenafil administrated before γ-rays significantly reduced the level of MDA and the activity of MPO while elevating levels of NO and GSH plus activities of SOD and CAT in both stomach and hepatic tissues compared to control and sildenafil groups.<br /> Conclusion: The data reveals that sildenafil pre-treatment has a protective effect against γ-rays-induced gastro hepatic dysfunction and supports the possible use of sildenafil as a protective agent in γ-irradiated rats.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Genetic Protective Role of D-Glucan against Oxidative Stress Induced by Mitomycin and Gamma-Radiation Exposure in Male Albino Rats1325149410.21608/ejrsa.2013.1494ENJournal Article20130303 <span style="font-size: small;">D-GLUCAN is a polysaccharide with multi-branching molecules derived from the cell wall of baker's yeast. It was reported to modulated innate immunity via interaction with membrane receptors on macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells and posses potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities. </span>
The aim of the present study was to investigate chemo-protective and radio-protective effect of D-glucan. Rats were orally (gavages) injected with D-glucan at dose of (20 mg/kg body wt) daily for three weeks. Mitomycin c (MMC) was administered three equal doses (1.5 mg/ kg) day after day for one week (2
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">nd </span><span style="font-size: small;">week) before radiation exposure at 3 fractionated doses (2 Gy) day after day in the 2</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">nd </span><span style="font-size: small;">week. The investigation were carried out on the days 3 & 10 post radiation-exposure and MMC administration for the determination of bone marrow micronucleus (Mn) frequency and DNA fragmentation in blood lymphocytes. </span>
The results showed that the exposure of animals to MMC and/ or irradiation led to clearly defined DNA fragmentation. D-glucan administration resulted in a significant improvement in lymphocytes DNA fragmentation and amelioration of Mn frequencies at day 3 and more pronounced at day 10 post irradiation. This study indicates that D-glucan has radio and chemo-protective effects against oxidative stress as a result of γ-radiation and/ or MMC exposure. So, D-glucan may be used to reduce the genotoxicity effects of different anticancer drugs and to reduce their unwanted side effects.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Effect of Using Aqueous Extract of Salvia officinalis L. Leaves on Some Antioxidants Status in Irradiated Rats2739149510.21608/ejrsa.2013.1495ENJournal Article20130423 <span style="font-size: small;">SAGE (</span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salvia officinalis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">L) is an aromatic and medicinal plant of Mediterranean origin with antioxidant properties. This study was dedicated to determine the modulatory protective effect of sage water extract against oxidative stress due to radiation exposure injury in male albino rats. </span>
Irradiation was performed as fractionated dose of 6 Grays (Gy) γ-irradiation delivered as 1.5 Gy two times a week for 2 weeks. Sage leaves water extract was given orally to rats at a dose level of 1mg/ kg body wt for 14 successive days during and in between exposure to γ-rays and continued for 7 successive days post irradiation of the rats.
Rats were sacrificed at 7 and 10 days after the last dose of radiation. In irradiated rats group, the results revealed a significant increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) while, there was a significant decrease in the activity of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities. In treated-irradiated rats group, water extractable sage leaves application induced a significant improvement in all these tested parameters
It was concluded that the traditional use of sage as an antioxidant is safe and may provide some beneficial effects; and could exhibit modulatory effects on γ-rays-induced oxidative damage in rats.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Radiation-induced Oxidative Stress and Organ Dysfunctions in Rats4154149610.21608/ejrsa.2013.1496ENJournal Article20130310 <span style="font-size: small;">THE AIM of the present study was to determine the possible protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">omega-3 PUFA) against radiation-induced oxidative stress associated with organ dysfunctions. Omega-3 PUFA was administered by oral gavages to male albino rats at a dose of 0.4 g/ kg body wt daily for 4 weeks before whole body γ-irradiation with 4Gy. Significant increase of serum lipid peroxidation end product as malondialdehyde (MDA) along with the reduction in blood glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities were recorded on 3</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">rd </span><span style="font-size: small;">and 8</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">th </span><span style="font-size: small;">days post-irradiation. </span>
Oxidative stress was associated with a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme activities, markers of heart damage, significant increases in uric acid, urea and creatinine levels, markers of kidney damage, significant increases of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (ALT & AST) activities, markers of liver damage. Moreover significant increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were recorded. Omega-3 PUFA administration pre-irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation-induced oxidative stress and organ dysfunctions tested in this study. It could be concluded that oral supplementation of omega-3 PUFA before irradiation may afford protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress and might preserve the integrity of tissue functions of the organs under investigations.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Whey5570149710.21608/ejrsa.2013.1497ENJournal Article20130813 <span style="font-size: small;">THIS STUDY has been carried out to extract whey protein concentrate (WPC) from sweet whey and to study the chemical composition, amino acids composition, amino acid scores and to investigate the possible role of WPC in ameliorating some biochemical disorders induced in γ-irradiated rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1, fed on normal diet during experimental period. Group 2, fed on diet containing 15% WPC instead of soybean protein. Group 3, rats exposed to whole body γ-radiation with single dose of 5 Gy and fed on the normal diet. Group 4, rats exposed to 5 Gy then fed on diet containing 15% WPC. The rats were decapitated 14 and 28 days post irradiation. </span>
Chemical analysis of WPC revealed that it contains high amounts of protein (44%), total amino acids (71%) and all essential amino acids (EAA), phenylalanine (37%), isoleucine cystine and threonine were the major EAA and high amounts of sulphur amino acids. Methionine gave rich chemical score (102.67%) also, isoleucine (119.95%) and phenylalanine+ tyrosine gave maximum chemical score (198.8%), respectively. Exposure to γ-irradiation caused significant elevation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid per oxidation end product (TBARS) and iron (Fe) with significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in serum. Also, irradiated rats had significant decrease in copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) in serum. The histological examination of cardiac tissue showed severe structural damage. Irradiated rats fed on WPC revealed significant improvement of some biochemical parameters. It could be concluded that WPC must be added to diet for reducing radiation injury via metabolic pathway.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Ellagic Acid and Zinc Aspartate Ameliorate Gamma Radiation Induced Biochemical Alterations in Male Rats7184149810.21608/ejrsa.2013.1498ENJournal Article20131209 <span style="font-size: small;">THIS STUDY was designed to investigate the protective effect of oral administration of ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol (50mg/kg body wt) and/or zinc aspartate (ZA) (50mg/kg body wt) against the cellular damage induced by whole body gamma irradiation (6.5Gy as a single dose) in male albino rats. The results of the current study revealed that exposure to γ-radiation exhibited a potential elevation of serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin; as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and metallothioneins (MTs) in liver and kidney. In addition, there were significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, tissues of liver and kidney displayed changes in some trace elements concentrations. Rats treated with EA and/or ZA before and after whole body γ-irradiation revealed significant modulation of the biochemical parameters and improvement in the antioxidant status, which might be effective in minimizing the radiation-induced increase in LPO as well as changes in essential trace elements in liver and kidney tissues reflecting a synergistic effect. </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Disturbances in Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Hormones in Rats Exposed to CCL4 and/ or Gamma-Irradiation8597149910.21608/ejrsa.2013.1499ENJournal Article20131027 <span style="font-size: small;">THIS WORK aims to detect the disturbances in hormones of pituitary-thyroid axis in male rats exposed to liver injury by carbon tetrachloride (CCl</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">) and/ or γ-irradiation, as well as modulating these disturbances by supplementation of hepato-protective agent, silymarin-plus (S+). Subcutaneous injection of CCl</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">, as a hepatotoxic agent, 1 ml/ Kg body wt two times/ week for 3 weeks alone or combined with 6Gy fractionated doses of whole body γ-irradiation (1Gy two times/ week for 3 weeks) induced hepato-toxicity as manifested biochemically by an elevation of liver marker enzymes; transaminases (ALT & AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). </span>
Oxidative stress in liver was evidenced by a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with reduction of glutathione (GSH) content. Liver damage induced by CCl
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">and/or γ-irradiation was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of serum triiodothyronine (T</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">) and thyroxin (T</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span><span style="font-size: small;">), while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a significant increase. In addition, significant increases were recorded in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels whereas; significant decrease was recorded in glucose level in group exposed to CCl</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">and γ-irradiation. Oral supplementation of S+ ameliorated the changes induced by exposure to CCl</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">and/ or γ-irradiation. </span>
In conclusion, the present data demonstrated that exposure to chemical as well as physical environmental biohazards induced liver injury concomitant with a hypothyroid state. This disturbance can be modulated by supplementation of hepato-protective agent.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Evaluation of Serum Testosterone and Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Sprague-Dawley Female Rats Bearing Mammary Tumours Induced by Dimethylbenz (A) Anthracene99113150010.21608/ejrsa.2013.1500ENJournal Article20130930 <span style="font-size: small;">RREAST CANCER is one of the most common malignancies among women in the world and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in females of both developed and developing countries. The present work aimed to study the diagnostic value of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for breast cancer and the importance of treatment by blue green algae </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Spirulina platensis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">supplementation on PSA and testosterone levels. Two different analytical techniques based on micro particle enzyme immunoassay (MPIA) and enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ILFA) for quantitative determination of total PSA (free PSA and PSA complexed to alpha-1-antichymptrypsin) were studied in the diagnosis of breast cancer before and after </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Spirulina platensis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">supplementation. </span>
Female rats secret PSA from female prostate gland, serum testosterone and PSA concentrations were not detected in control and rats supplemented by
<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Spirulina platensis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">groups</span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></em>
Serum testosterone and PSA concentration were significantly higher (
<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">< 0.05) in rats bearing mammary tumours than rats bearing mammary tumours supplemented with </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Spirulina platensis</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">. These results suggest that the clinical applicability of total PSA for breast cancer diagnosis and the biological mechanism behind its increase should be further investigated. Finally, the physiological mechanism behind the total PSA increase in breast cancer and its ramifications with respect to tumour progression should be further investigated. </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231The Effect of Tamoxifen Administration and γ-Irradiation on Thyroid Hormones Levels in Rats Bearing Mammary Tumours115129150110.21608/ejrsa.2013.1501ENJournal Article20130903<span style="font-size: small;">BREAST CANCER is the most common malignancy among women in most developed and developing regions of the world, in female, tamoxifen acting as an oestrogen antagonist on the breast. Thyroid hormones can stimulate the proliferation in vitro of certain tumor cell lines. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen and/ or irradiation treatment on thyroid hormones in rats' mammary tumours. </span>
Forty-two female Sprague-Dawely rats randomly divided into seven groups' proliferation (6 rats each). Control group, normal rats supplemented with tamoxifen for 3weeks, normal rats exposed to a single dose 3Gy γ-rays, rats treated with Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in corn oil (30ppm) sc and followed for 6 months until breast cancer occurrence, breast cancer bearing rats supplemented with tamoxifen for 3 weeks twice a day, breast cancer bearing rats exposed to a single dose 3Gy γ-rays, breast cancer bearing rats exposed to a single dose 3Gy γ-rays and supplemented with tamoxifen for 3 weeks twice a day. At the end of the experiment, mammary tumours and control rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks from different treatments and serum thyroid hormones and estradiol (E2) levels were assayed using commercial kits. Results show T4 and E2 levels not triiodothyronine (T3) were altered in different experimental groups. It could be concluded that γ-irradiation promote the expression of neoplastic potential by affecting both E2 and thyroid hormones and tamoxifen may alter the thyroid hormones.
Tamoxifen administration and γ-irradiation may have worth effects on thyroxin (T4) and E2 levels. It is recommended to further studies towards the bystander effect of γ-rays exposure and tamoxifen treatment on the tissue culture and molecular biology scale.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Antiproliferative Effect of Lactobacillus helveticus and Low Dose Gamma Radiation on Mammary Carcinogenesis131145150210.21608/ejrsa.2013.1502ENJournal Article20130812 <span style="font-size: small;">IMMUNOTHERAPY plays an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. This study was aimed to investigate the role of milk fermented by </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lactobacillus helveticus </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">(L. </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">helveticus</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">) and low dose of gamma radiation (0.25 Gy) as protector and immunotherapy for breast cancer. </span>
Female rats were divided into 7 groups, control group, fermented milk with L.
<em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">helveticus </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">(FM) Group, whole body gamma irradiated group, injected with 17β-estradiol (E2) group, FM and injected with E2 group, gamma irradiation and E2 group and FM then exposed to gamma radiation and injected with E2. </span>
Results showed that, E2 caused a reduction in the percentage of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), an decrease in glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), but increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as an increase in the proliferation marker Ki-67 (Antigen KI-67 also known as Ki-67), with hyperplasia appeared in the histological examinations of mammary tissue epithelium. FM with or without gamma radiation increased CD4 and CD8 count, ameliorated GSH, MDA and NO levels, GPx, CAT and SOD activities and reduced Ki-67 percentage. Histological study showed normal breast tissue. This study demonstrated that FM and gamma radiation (0.25 Gy) induced immunoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in preventing carcinogenic effect of E2 on breast tissue.The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231γ-Ray Induced Metastable Defects in Mn-Doped Lead-Phosphate Glass147164150310.21608/ejrsa.2013.1503ENJournal Article20130915 <span style="font-size: small;">PbO-P</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">O</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">5</span><span style="font-size: small;">+ xMnO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">(0<x<1) glasses are synthesized. The effects of MnO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">on structural and optical properties of glasses have been investigated using different characterization techniques. The effect of both glass composition and MnO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">content on the generation of radiation-induced defects has been investigated. The intensity and the position of the induced bands are found to depend on the type and composition of glass, concentration of the dopant and also on the irradiation dose. Experimental results indicate that the undoped glass reveals before irradiation strong and broad ultraviolet absorption which is related to the co-sharing of absorption due to both trace iron impurities and lead ions (Pb</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2+</span><span style="font-size: small;">). The band gap energy is found to decrease with the increasing content of MnO</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">in the glasses, while different irradiation doses showed remarkable effect on the band gap which decreases to semi conducting range. The effect of gamma irradiation also takes place, the band gap decreases from 4.15 to 2.9 eV and from 3.84 to 2.8 for indirect transition for both G1 and G4 respectively also for all glass systems. </span>The National Centre for Information and Documentation (NIDOC), The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and Applications1110-030326120131231Investigation of Polymeric Films Based on Brilliant Green Dyed Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) and Poly (Vinyl Butyral) for Use in High Dose Processing Dosimetry165176150410.21608/ejrsa.2013.1504ENJournal Article20131024 <span style="font-size: small;">DYED POLYMER FILMS prepared by simple technique of casting aqueous solution of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or poly vinyl butral (PVB) containing Brilliant Green (BG) on horizontal glass plate were studied to be used for high dose dosimetry. Both films were bleached with different rates on exposure to gamma ray. Chloral hydrate was added to both polymeric films and the effect of its concentration as well as dye concentration on response was studied. Wavelength of analysis is 633 nm. The radiation chemical yield (G-values) was calculated in presence and absence of chloral hydrate. The films exhibit negligible humidity effect during irradiation. Pre- and post- irradiation stability was examined. </span>